There are costs associated with cashless payments, some of which are readily apparent while others can go unnoticed until a problem arises. ABC News has explored some of these costs, and how โ€˜a cashless society raises concerns about financial exclusion, privacy and safety.โ€™

Among the more obvious cashless costs are card transaction fees, which an increasing number of businesses are passing on to customers amidst rows over the fast-growing percentages demanded by card companies, despite improvements in technology that most would assume might lower fees.

Less immediately obvious are the ramifications of โ€˜transparencyโ€™ in transactions, often cited as a positive for cashless transactions. Dr Chris Vasantkumar, an economic anthropologist as Macquarie University, points out that any external oversight of transactions also means surveillance by third parties.